Maharishi Swami Dayanand Saraswati Legendary Hindu Social Reformer & Founder of the Arya Samaj

Dayanand Saraswati was an important Hindu religious leader of his time. He is well known as the founder of the Arya Samaj, a Hindu reform movement of the Vedic tradition. He was a profound scholar of the Vedic lore and Sanskrit language. 

Born:  February 12, 1824,  Died: October 31, 1883,  Books:  Satyarta Prakash

Swami Dayanand Saraswati's original name was Mool Shankar Tiwari. Swami Dayanand was born on February 12, 1824 in Tankara in the western Indian state of Gujarat. At a time when Hinduism was divided between the various schools of philosophy and theology, Swami Dayanand went straight back to the Vedasas he considered them the most authoritative repository of knowledge and truth spoken in the "Words of God." In order to re-energize Vedic knowledge and reawaken our awareness of  the four Vedas - Rig Veda, Yajur Veda, Sama Veda, and Atharva Veda - Swami Dayanand wrote and published a number of religious books, primary among them being Satyartha Prakash, Rig-Vedaadi, Bhasya-Bhoomika, and Sanskar Vidhi.

The Message of Swami Dayanand

Swami Dayanand's main message - "Back to the Vedas" - formed the bedrock of all his thoughts and actions. In fact, he spent a lifetime preaching against many Hindu customs and traditions that were meaningless and oppressive, according to him. These included practices such as idol worship and polytheism, and such social stigma as casteism and untouchability, child marriage and forced widowhood, which were prevalent in the 19th century.

Swami Dayanand showed the Hindus how going back to the roots of their faith - the Vedas - they can improve their lot as well as the social, political, and economic conditions of the then India. While he had millions of followers, he also attracted many a detractor and enemy. As the legend goes, he was poisoned many times by orthodox Hindus, and one such attempt proved fatal and he succumbed to death in 1883. What he left behind was one of Hinduism's greatest and most revolutionary organizations, the Arya Samaj.

Swami Dayanand's Major Contribution to Society

Swami Dayanand founded the Hindu reform organization called Arya Samaj on April 7, 1875 in Mumbai, and also created its 10 principles which are quite distinct from Hinduism, yet based on the Vedas. These principles aimed at advancing the individual and society through physical, spiritual and social betterment of the human race. His aim was not to found a new religion, but to re-establish the teachings of the ancient Vedas. As he said in Satyarth Prakash, he wanted to true development of humankind by the acceptance of the Supreme truth and rejection of falsehood by through analytical thinking.

Due to his radical thought, Swami Dayanand had acquired enemies from all spheres of life. On the occasion of Deepavali in 1883, he was a guest of the maharaja of Jodhpur. The king was a womanizer and Dayanand advised the king to lead a righteous life as a ruler, upsetting a mistress by the name of Nanhi Jan. That night Swami Dayanand was poisoned during the festival meal. Swami Dayanand Saraswati breathed his last chanting "Om".

About the Arya Samaj

The Arya Samaj was established by Swami Dayanand in 19th century India. Today, it is a global organization that teaches the true Vedic religion, which is at the core of Hinduism. The Arya Samaj can best be termed as a socio-cultural organization born out of a reform movement within Hinduism. It is "non-denominational authentic Hindu-Vedic religious organization dedicated to remove superstition, orthodoxy and social evils from societ," and its mission is to "mold the lives of its members and all others according to the message of the Vedas with reference to the circumstances of time and place."

The Arya Samaj is also engaged in voluntary activities, especially in the areas of education, and has opened numerous schools and colleges across India based on its universal values. The Arya Samaj community is prevalent in many countries around the world including Australia, Bali, Canada, Fiji, Guyana, Indonesia, Mauritius, Myanmar, Kenya, Singapore, South Africa, Surinam, Thailand, Trinidad & Tobago, UK, and the United States.

10 Principles of the Arya Samaj

1.     God is the efficient cause of all true knowledge and all that is known through knowledge.

2.     God is existent, intelligent and blissful. He is formless, omniscient, just, merciful, unborn, endless, unchangeable, beginning-less, unequalled, the support of all, the master of all, omnipresent, immanent, un-aging, immortal, fearless, eternal and holy, and the maker of all. He alone is worthy of being worshiped.

3.     The Vedas are the scriptures of all true knowledge. It is the paramount duty of all Aryas to read them, teach them, recite them and to hear them being read.

4.     One should always be ready to accept truth and to renounce untruth.

5.     All acts should be performed in accordance with Dharma that is, after deliberating what is right and wrong.

6.     The prime object of the Arya Samaj is to do good to the world, that is, to promote physical, spiritual and social good of everyone.

7.     Our conduct towards all should be guided by love, righteousness and justice.

8.     We should dispel Avidya (ignorance) and promote Vidya (knowledge).

9.     No one should be content with promoting his/her good only; on the contrary, one should look for his/her good in promoting the good of all.

10.         One should regard oneself under restriction to follow the rules of society calculated to promote the well being of all, while in following the rules of individual welfare all should be free.