Book I : Bala Kanda - Book Of Youthful Majesties
विरादिभी रसैर् युक्तम् काव्यम् एतत् अगायताम् ||१-४-९
9. rasaiH sR^ingara karuNa haasya raudra bhayaanakaiH = aesthetics, romance, pathos, comic, fury, fright, and others; viira aadibH rasaiH yuktam = valour et cetera, aesthetics, embodying; kaavyam a gaayataam = epic, is sung.
Aesthetics like romance, pathos, comic, fury, fright, valour etc., embodying the epic is sung [by Kusha, Lava.] [1-4-9]
The Indian categorization of aesthetics rasaa -s is in nine emotions. sR^ingaa [romance] haasa , [humour] shoka , [grief] krodha , [fury] utsaaha , [enthusiasm, bravery] bhaya , [fright] jugupsa , [disgust] vismaya [amaze.] Again sR^ingaara is of two kinds - a] sambhoga , [being with his/her partner,] b] vipralamba [not being with his/her partner.]
Rama's togetherness with Seetha from Bala Kanda till her abduction is the first category of romance. After her departure and until regain, it is second sort of romantic narration. Episodes of Surpanakha, Trijata are humorous. Those of Dasharatha, Jatayu etc., are of grievous nature. Killing, torturing etc., situations arouse furiousness. Lakshmana, Indrjit and others are showing bravery. Seeing ugly demons either in forests or those that surround Seetha is causing fright. The very sight of ugly bodied demons like Viradha, Kabandha is creating disgust. Hanuma's leaping ocean, burning Lanka, and the entire Rama-Ravana war are amazing
तौ तु गान्धर्व तत्त्वज्ञौ स्थान मूर्च्छन कोविदौ |
भ्रातरौ स्वर संपन्नौ गन्धर्वाः इव रूपिणौ || १-४-१०
10. tau tu gaandharva tatvaj~nau = they are, musical art, conversant with; sthaana muurchana kovidau = pause, pitch of voice, proficient in;bhraatarau svara sampannou = two brothers, voice, wealthy; gandharva iva ruupiNau = celestial singers, like, in appearance.
They are conversant with the art of music and proficient with the pitch and pausing their voices, and those two brothers have not only a wealthy voice, but they also look like celestial singers. [1-4-10]
The gandharva-s are celestial beings with adorable personalities and performers of all kinds of performing arts. Hence, Indian musical art is termed as gaandhrava vidya .
रूप लक्षण संपन्नौ मधुर स्वर भाषिणौ |
बिंबात् इव उथीतौ बिंबौ राम देहात् तथा अपरौ || १-४-११
11. ruupa lakshaNa sampannau = in appearance, charm, privileged with; madhura svara bhashaNau = melodiously, voiced, in voicing; bimbaat iva uthiitau bimbau = [from original] reflection, like, issued forth, reflections; raama dehaat = from Rama's, body; tatha aparau = like that, separately.
They have charm in their appearance and melodiousness in their voice, they are like the two reflections of one original object, and thus they came out from the body of Rama, separately. [1-4-11]
Vishnu's reflection is Rama, and Kusha, Lava are two reflections of Rama, and thus, in turn, these two princes are adorable like Vishnu, as in bimba-pratibimba nyaaya , image-reflection syndrome.
तौ राज पुत्रौ कार्त्स्न्येन धर्ंयम् आख्यानम् उत्तमम् |
वाचो विधेयम् तत् सर्वम् कृत्वा काव्यम् अनिन्दितौ || १-४-१२
12. tau raja putrau kaartsnyena = they, king's, sons [princes,] in entirety; dharmyam aakhyanam uttamam = virtue expounding, epic, best;vaachaH vidheyam tat sarvam = by voice, preserved [memorized,] all that; kR^itva kaavyam a ninditau = doing so, epic, without, fault.
They the princes have memorized that virtue-expounding epic, the best; in its entirety and in doing so, they rendered that epic faultlessly. [1-4-12]
रसैः शृंगार करुण हास्य रौद्र भयानकैः |
विरादिभी रसैर् युक्तम् काव्यम् एतत् अगायताम् ||१-४-९
विरादिभी रसैर् युक्तम् काव्यम् एतत् अगायताम् ||१-४-९
9. rasaiH sR^ingara karuNa haasya raudra bhayaanakaiH = aesthetics, romance, pathos, comic, fury, fright, and others; viira aadibH rasaiH yuktam = valour et cetera, aesthetics, embodying; kaavyam a gaayataam = epic, is sung.
Aesthetics like romance, pathos, comic, fury, fright, valour etc., embodying the epic is sung [by Kusha, Lava.] [1-4-9]
The Indian categorization of aesthetics rasaa -s is in nine emotions. sR^ingaa [romance] haasa , [humour] shoka , [grief] krodha , [fury] utsaaha , [enthusiasm, bravery] bhaya , [fright] jugupsa , [disgust] vismaya [amaze.] Again sR^ingaara is of two kinds - a] sambhoga , [being with his/her partner,] b] vipralamba [not being with his/her partner.]
Rama's togetherness with Seetha from Bala Kanda till her abduction is the first category of romance. After her departure and until regain, it is second sort of romantic narration. Episodes of Surpanakha, Trijata are humorous. Those of Dasharatha, Jatayu etc., are of grievous nature. Killing, torturing etc., situations arouse furiousness. Lakshmana, Indrjit and others are showing bravery. Seeing ugly demons either in forests or those that surround Seetha is causing fright. The very sight of ugly bodied demons like Viradha, Kabandha is creating disgust. Hanuma's leaping ocean, burning Lanka, and the entire Rama-Ravana war are amazing
तौ तु गान्धर्व तत्त्वज्ञौ स्थान मूर्च्छन कोविदौ |
भ्रातरौ स्वर संपन्नौ गन्धर्वाः इव रूपिणौ || १-४-१०
भ्रातरौ स्वर संपन्नौ गन्धर्वाः इव रूपिणौ || १-४-१०
10. tau tu gaandharva tatvaj~nau = they are, musical art, conversant with; sthaana muurchana kovidau = pause, pitch of voice, proficient in;bhraatarau svara sampannou = two brothers, voice, wealthy; gandharva iva ruupiNau = celestial singers, like, in appearance.
They are conversant with the art of music and proficient with the pitch and pausing their voices, and those two brothers have not only a wealthy voice, but they also look like celestial singers. [1-4-10]
The gandharva-s are celestial beings with adorable personalities and performers of all kinds of performing arts. Hence, Indian musical art is termed as gaandhrava vidya .
रूप लक्षण संपन्नौ मधुर स्वर भाषिणौ |
बिंबात् इव उथीतौ बिंबौ राम देहात् तथा अपरौ || १-४-११
बिंबात् इव उथीतौ बिंबौ राम देहात् तथा अपरौ || १-४-११
11. ruupa lakshaNa sampannau = in appearance, charm, privileged with; madhura svara bhashaNau = melodiously, voiced, in voicing; bimbaat iva uthiitau bimbau = [from original] reflection, like, issued forth, reflections; raama dehaat = from Rama's, body; tatha aparau = like that, separately.
They have charm in their appearance and melodiousness in their voice, they are like the two reflections of one original object, and thus they came out from the body of Rama, separately. [1-4-11]
Vishnu's reflection is Rama, and Kusha, Lava are two reflections of Rama, and thus, in turn, these two princes are adorable like Vishnu, as in bimba-pratibimba nyaaya , image-reflection syndrome.
तौ राज पुत्रौ कार्त्स्न्येन धर्ंयम् आख्यानम् उत्तमम् |
वाचो विधेयम् तत् सर्वम् कृत्वा काव्यम् अनिन्दितौ || १-४-१२
वाचो विधेयम् तत् सर्वम् कृत्वा काव्यम् अनिन्दितौ || १-४-१२
12. tau raja putrau kaartsnyena = they, king's, sons [princes,] in entirety; dharmyam aakhyanam uttamam = virtue expounding, epic, best;vaachaH vidheyam tat sarvam = by voice, preserved [memorized,] all that; kR^itva kaavyam a ninditau = doing so, epic, without, fault.
They the princes have memorized that virtue-expounding epic, the best; in its entirety and in doing so, they rendered that epic faultlessly. [1-4-12]
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